Description: Pictorial record, compiled in a photo album, of the 1930 location and excavation of Fort Jefferson in Darke County, Ohio. The project was led by H.R. McPherson of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society and Frazer E. Wilson of the Greenville Historical Society. The album contains photographs of the site as it was being excavated as well as descriptions of each photograph. Fort Jefferson was built about six miles south of Greenville, Ohio, on the order of General Arthur St. Clair in October 1791. The purpose of the fort was to serve as a supply garrison for St. Clair's campaign against the area’s American Indian population, hence its original name of Fort Deposit. In November 1791, St. Clair attacked the area's tribes, but under the leadership of Shawnee chief Weyapiersenwah (Blue Jacket) and Miami chief Mishikinakwa (Little Turtle), a large alliance of seasoned volunteer warriors from nine different American Indian tribes easily defeated St. Clair and his troops. This loss, which was one of the worst defeats of the American military at the hands of the American Indians, came to be known as "St. Clair’s Defeat." During the battle, well over half of St. Clair’s 1,400 men were killed or wounded. After the battle, St. Clair’s men fled to Fort Jefferson, but found little in the way of supplies and quickly moved south to Fort Washington. Later, Fort Jefferson was used during the campaign of General Anthony Wayne before being abandoned in 1796. The location is now the site of the Fort Jefferson Memorial Park, one of the Ohio History Connection's network of historic sites. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: P91_B01A01_048
Subjects: Archaeology; Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society; Forts & fortifications; Fort Jefferson
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio);
 

Description: Men searching for relics at the grounds of Fort Jefferson. Fort Jefferson was built about six miles south of Greenville, Ohio, on the order of General Arthur St. Clair in October 1791. The purpose of the fort was to serve as a supply garrison for St. Clair's campaign against the area’s American Indian population, hence its original name of Fort Deposit. In November 1791, St. Clair attacked the area's tribes, but under the leadership of Shawnee chief Weyapiersenwah (Blue Jacket) and Miami chief Mishikinakwa (Little Turtle), a large alliance of seasoned volunteer warriors from nine different American Indian tribes easily defeated St. Clair and his troops. This loss, which was one of the worst defeats of the American military at the hands of the American Indians, came to be known as "St. Clair’s Defeat." During the battle, well over half of St. Clair’s 1,400 men were killed or wounded. After the battle, St. Clair’s men fled to Fort Jefferson, but found little in the way of supplies and quickly moved south to Fort Washington. Later, Fort Jefferson was used during the campaign of General Anthony Wayne before being abandoned in 1796. The location is now the site of the Fort Jefferson Memorial Park, one of the Ohio History Connection's network of historic sites. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SC283_001
Subjects: Forts & fortifications; St. Clair, Arthur, 1734-1818; Northwest Territory--History; American Indians--Warfare; Fort Jefferson
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio);
 

Description: Men searching for relics at the grounds of Fort Jefferson. Fort Jefferson was built about six miles south of Greenville, Ohio, on the order of General Arthur St. Clair in October 1791. The purpose of the fort was to serve as a supply garrison for St. Clair's campaign against the area’s American Indian population, hence its original name of Fort Deposit. In November 1791, St. Clair attacked the area's tribes, but under the leadership of Shawnee chief Weyapiersenwah (Blue Jacket) and Miami chief Mishikinakwa (Little Turtle), a large alliance of seasoned volunteer warriors from nine different American Indian tribes easily defeated St. Clair and his troops. This loss, which was one of the worst defeats of the American military at the hands of the American Indians, came to be known as "St. Clair’s Defeat." During the battle, well over half of St. Clair’s 1,400 men were killed or wounded. After the battle, St. Clair’s men fled to Fort Jefferson, but found little in the way of supplies and quickly moved south to Fort Washington. Later, Fort Jefferson was used during the campaign of General Anthony Wayne before being abandoned in 1796. The location is now the site of the Fort Jefferson Memorial Park, one of the Ohio History Connection's network of historic sites. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SC283_002
Subjects: Forts & fortifications; St. Clair, Arthur, 1734-1818; Northwest Territory--History; American Indians--Warfare; Fort Jefferson
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio);
 

Description: Men searching for relics at the grounds of Fort Jefferson. Fort Jefferson was built about six miles south of Greenville, Ohio, on the order of General Arthur St. Clair in October 1791. The purpose of the fort was to serve as a supply garrison for St. Clair's campaign against the area’s American Indian population, hence its original name of Fort Deposit. In November 1791, St. Clair attacked the area's tribes, but under the leadership of Shawnee chief Weyapiersenwah (Blue Jacket) and Miami chief Mishikinakwa (Little Turtle), a large alliance of seasoned volunteer warriors from nine different American Indian tribes easily defeated St. Clair and his troops. This loss, which was one of the worst defeats of the American military at the hands of the American Indians, came to be known as "St. Clair’s Defeat." During the battle, well over half of St. Clair’s 1,400 men were killed or wounded. After the battle, St. Clair’s men fled to Fort Jefferson, but found little in the way of supplies and quickly moved south to Fort Washington. Later, Fort Jefferson was used during the campaign of General Anthony Wayne before being abandoned in 1796. The location is now the site of the Fort Jefferson Memorial Park, one of the Ohio History Connection's network of historic sites. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SC283_003
Subjects: Forts & fortifications; St. Clair, Arthur, 1734-1818; Northwest Territory--History; American Indians--Warfare; Fort Jefferson
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio);
 

Description: Men searching for relics at the grounds of Fort Jefferson. Fort Jefferson was built about six miles south of Greenville, Ohio, on the order of General Arthur St. Clair in October 1791. The purpose of the fort was to serve as a supply garrison for St. Clair's campaign against the area’s American Indian population, hence its original name of Fort Deposit. In November 1791, St. Clair attacked the area's tribes, but under the leadership of Shawnee chief Weyapiersenwah (Blue Jacket) and Miami chief Mishikinakwa (Little Turtle), a large alliance of seasoned volunteer warriors from nine different American Indian tribes easily defeated St. Clair and his troops. This loss, which was one of the worst defeats of the American military at the hands of the American Indians, came to be known as "St. Clair’s Defeat." During the battle, well over half of St. Clair’s 1,400 men were killed or wounded. After the battle, St. Clair’s men fled to Fort Jefferson, but found little in the way of supplies and quickly moved south to Fort Washington. Later, Fort Jefferson was used during the campaign of General Anthony Wayne before being abandoned in 1796. The location is now the site of the Fort Jefferson Memorial Park, one of the Ohio History Connection's network of historic sites. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SC283_004
Subjects: Forts & fortifications; St. Clair, Arthur, 1734-1818; Northwest Territory--History; American Indians--Warfare; Fort Jefferson
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio);
 

Description: Men searching for relics at the grounds of Fort Jefferson. Fort Jefferson was built about six miles south of Greenville, Ohio, on the order of General Arthur St. Clair in October 1791. The purpose of the fort was to serve as a supply garrison for St. Clair's campaign against the area’s American Indian population, hence its original name of Fort Deposit. In November 1791, St. Clair attacked the area's tribes, but under the leadership of Shawnee chief Weyapiersenwah (Blue Jacket) and Miami chief Mishikinakwa (Little Turtle), a large alliance of seasoned volunteer warriors from nine different American Indian tribes easily defeated St. Clair and his troops. This loss, which was one of the worst defeats of the American military at the hands of the American Indians, came to be known as "St. Clair’s Defeat." During the battle, well over half of St. Clair’s 1,400 men were killed or wounded. After the battle, St. Clair’s men fled to Fort Jefferson, but found little in the way of supplies and quickly moved south to Fort Washington. Later, Fort Jefferson was used during the campaign of General Anthony Wayne before being abandoned in 1796. The location is now the site of the Fort Jefferson Memorial Park, one of the Ohio History Connection's network of historic sites. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SC283_005
Subjects: Forts & fortifications; St. Clair, Arthur, 1734-1818; Northwest Territory--History; American Indians--Warfare; Fort Jefferson
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio);
 

Description: Memorial marking the site of Fort Jefferson in Darke County, Ohio. This monument was constructed in 1907, prior to the site becoming a property of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society (now the Ohio History Connection). Fort Jefferson was built about six miles south of Greenville, Ohio, on the order of General Arthur St. Clair in October 1791. The purpose of the fort was to serve as a supply garrison for St. Clair's campaign against the area’s American Indian population, hence its original name of Fort Deposit. In November 1791, St. Clair attacked the area's tribes, but under the leadership of Shawnee chief Weyapiersenwah (Blue Jacket) and Miami chief Mishikinakwa (Little Turtle), a large alliance of seasoned volunteer warriors from nine different American Indian tribes easily defeated St. Clair and his troops. This loss, which was one of the worst defeats of the American military at the hands of the American Indians, came to be known as "St. Clair’s Defeat." During the battle, well over half of St. Clair’s 1,400 men were killed or wounded. After the battle, St. Clair’s men fled to Fort Jefferson, but found little in the way of supplies and quickly moved south to Fort Washington. Later, Fort Jefferson was used during the campaign of General Anthony Wayne before being abandoned in 1796. The location is now the site of the Fort Jefferson Memorial Park, one of the Ohio History Connection's network of historic sites. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SC283_006
Subjects: Forts & fortifications; St. Clair, Arthur, 1734-1818; Northwest Territory--History; American Indians--Warfare; Monuments & memorials; Fort Jefferson
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio);
 

Description: General Rufus Putnam created this map of Ohio in 1804, one year after Ohio became a state. He made the map, one of the first maps of the state, while serving as general surveyor of the United States. It measures 14.5 by 18.75 inches (36.83 by 47.62 cm) and shows the boundary between Ohio and American Indian lands, marking several forts in the Northwest Territory, including Fort Defiance, Fort Wayne, and Fort Recovery. Rufus Putnam (1738-1824), a Massachusetts native, rose to prominence as a Revolutionary War officer and founder of the Ohio Company. As superintendent of the company, Putnam oversaw the construction of the stockade Campus Martius and laid out a plan for the town of Marietta. He served as a member of the Ohio Territorial Legislature in 1801, a representative from Washington County at the first Ohio constitutional convention, and a trustee of Ohio University. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om1364_1160640_001
Subjects: Geography and Natural Resources; Military Ohio; Forts & fortifications; Maps; Putnam, Rufus, 1738-1824
Places: Marietta (Ohio); Washington County (Ohio); Ohio
 

Description: Monument to Fort Jefferson, frontier post of the upper Miami Valley, built in 1791 and located in Fort Jefferson, Darke County, Ohio. The photograph was taken ca. 1940. Fort Jefferson was built about six miles south of Greenville, Ohio, on the order of General Arthur St. Clair in October 1791. The purpose of the fort was to serve as a supply garrison for St. Clair's campaign against the area’s American Indian population, hence its original name of Fort Deposit. In November 1791, St. Clair attacked the area's tribes, but under the leadership of Shawnee chief Weyapiersenwah (Blue Jacket) and Miami chief Mishikinakwa (Little Turtle), a large alliance of seasoned volunteer warriors from nine different American Indian tribes easily defeated St. Clair and his troops. This loss, which was one of the worst defeats of the American military at the hands of the American Indians, came to be known as "St. Clair’s Defeat." During the battle, well over half of St. Clair’s 1,400 men were killed or wounded. After the battle, St. Clair’s men fled to Fort Jefferson, but found little in the way of supplies and quickly moved south to Fort Washington. Later, Fort Jefferson was used during the campaign of General Anthony Wayne before being abandoned in 1796. The location is now the site of the Fort Jefferson Memorial Park, one of the Ohio History Connection's network of historic sites. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00334
Subjects: Forts & fortifications; St. Clair, Arthur, 1734-1818; Northwest Territory--History; American Indians--Warfare; Fort Jefferson
Places: Fort Jefferson (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio)
 

Description: These postcards show a recreation of the pioneer landing that originally took place at the confluence of the Muskingum and Ohio rivers on April 7, 1788, in present-day Marietta. The 1938 celebrations included the re-enactment as well as a parade, all celebrating the 150-year anniversary of the arrival of 48 settlers by way of flatboat from New England. Under the Ordinance of 1787 and led by General Rufus Putnam, the Ohio Company of Associates settlers established Marietta as the first organized American community in the Northwest Territory. Many of the settlers were former officers of the Revolutionary War, who had been paid for their service with warrants for land by the fledgling United States government as a result of the scarcity of cash after the war. By the end of 1788, approximately 137 people inhabited the area, presided over by Governor Arthur St. Clair. The six postcards measure approximately 5.5 by 3.5 inches (13.97 by 8.89 cm). Located within the Marietta settlement, Campus Martius was a fort that served as a home for some of the pioneers and provided protection against attacks from Native Americans. It was named for the ancient Field of Mars, where the Roman military trained. The present-day Campus Martius Museum became a part of the Ohio Historical Society in 1918, focusing on the subject of migration in Ohio's history. The restored home of Rufus Putnam, which was a part of the original fort, was later enclosed within a wing of the museum. The Ohio Company's Land Office is located behind the museum. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om3389_5759486_001
Subjects: Ohio Government; Anniversaries; Celebrations; Floats (Parades); Forts & fortifications; Campus Martius (Marietta, Ohio); Land Grants; Muskingum River (Ohio); Ohio River; Parades & processions
Places: Marietta (Ohio); Washington County (Ohio)
 

Description: Map of Fort Sandusky and the surrounding area published in "Old Fort Sandoski of 1745 and the 'Sandusky Country," by Lucy Elliot Keeler. Fort Sandusky was a fort built and used by British troops in the Ohio Country during Pontiac's Rebellion and the French and Indian War. The historical marker for the fort is located in present-day Erie County, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05360
Subjects: Erie County (Ohio); Ohio History--Settlement and Early Statehood; Forts & fortifications
Places: Erie County (Ohio)
 

Description: Fort Recovery, built in 1793-1794, was the site of Major General Arthur St. Clair's defeat by a large alliance of American Indians under the leadership of Shawnee chief Weyapiersenwah (Blue Jacket) and Miami chief Mishikinakwa (Little Turtle). Fort Recovery is in Mercer County, Ohio. The photograph was taken ca. 1940-1949. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00380
Subjects: Forts & fortifications; Mercer County (Ohio); Ohio History--Military Ohio
Places: Fort Recovery (Ohio); Mercer County (Ohio)